This places them at a disadvantage for doing homework and virtual learning. For example, we have a digital divide in which many children and youth living in low-opportunity areas do not have access to computers or the Internet in their homes. Our measure of opportunity is understood as neighborhood assets and conditions shaping a personвЂ™s potential for economic and social mobility. Proficiency drops to 59% at the balanced campuses, and to just under 29% at the ones with the highest concentration of black students. In CMS, schools with the greatest percentage of white students, 82% of third graders read at or above grade level. The majority of white students attend majority-white schools in our high-growth southern and northern suburbs where most of our new schools have been built in recent years, as well as in more affluent close-in neighborhoods such as Myers Park and Eastover. x Over half of all African American students attend schools that are 90 percent non-white. ix A third of the 168 schools in the system are segregated by poverty, half are segregated by race and a fifth are hyper-segregated, meaning that 90 percent of their students are from a particular race. Now, with a county population of a little over a million people, approximately 147,000 students are enrolled at CMS, with about 39 percent black, 29 percent white, 23 percent Hispanic and 6 percent Asian. This set the stage for policies and outlooks that not only deepened economic divides in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg area, but engendered deep divisions based upon race as well. Even middle-class African-American neighborhoods were ranked at the bottom. All neighborhoods where the majority of residents were people of color received the bottom rating for investment. Federal вЂњred liningвЂќ prohibited them from getting loans to buy a home.

But the same cannot be said for families of color. For white families, who thrived from decades of accrued wealth benefits, these programs spurred one of the largest accumulations of wealth in our countryвЂ™s history. Starting in the 1930s, segregation by race was sanctioned in the New DealвЂ™s backing of low-cost mortgages and refinance loans to promote and preserve white homeownership. Ultimately, it was the federal governmentвЂ™s New Deal programs that gave impetus and financial resources to support racial discrimination of Charlotte-MecklenburgвЂ™s African-American community. As early as 1910, discrete black and white areas were created across the four wards that formed the city.

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